list of medications that cause dysphagia

2 min read 10-12-2024

list of medications that cause dysphagia

Medications That Can Cause Dysphagia: A Comprehensive Guide

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, can be a debilitating condition impacting quality of life. While many causes exist, medication side effects are often overlooked. This article provides a comprehensive list of medications frequently associated with dysphagia, categorized for clarity. It is crucial to consult with your doctor or pharmacist before making any changes to your medication regimen. Self-treating can be dangerous.

Note: This is not an exhaustive list, and the likelihood of experiencing dysphagia from these medications varies depending on the individual, dosage, and other health factors.

1. Muscle Relaxants and Anticholinergics:

These medications reduce muscle contractions, which can affect the muscles involved in swallowing. Dysphagia is a relatively common side effect. Examples include:

Anticholinergics: These drugs block the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, impacting muscle function throughout the body, including the esophagus. Examples include:
- Benztropine (Cogentin)
- Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
- Scopolamine
- Tolterodine (Detrol)
Muscle relaxants (skeletal muscle relaxants): These are prescribed to treat muscle spasms and pain. Examples include:
- Baclofen (Lioresal)
- Cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril)
- Methocarbamol (Robaxin)
- Tizanidine (Zanaflex)

2. Opioids:

Opioids, used to manage pain, can cause several gastrointestinal side effects, including constipation which can indirectly contribute to dysphagia. The decreased bowel motility can lead to difficulty in swallowing. Examples include:

Morphine
Codeine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Fentanyl

3. Certain Antidepressants and Antipsychotics:

Some antidepressants and antipsychotics can cause dry mouth (xerostomia) as a side effect. Dry mouth significantly impairs swallowing, making it difficult to move food down the esophagus. Examples include:

Tricyclic antidepressants: Amitriptyline (Elavil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs): While less common than with TCAs, some individuals experience dry mouth as a side effect.
Antipsychotics: Many antipsychotics, including both typical and atypical agents, can cause dry mouth.

4. Chemotherapy Medications:

Certain chemotherapy drugs can cause mucositis (inflammation of the mucous membranes in the mouth and throat), leading to painful swallowing and dysphagia. This is a common side effect and often requires management with supportive care.

5. Medications Affecting the Nervous System:

Medications affecting the nervous system can disrupt the coordinated movements needed for swallowing. This can include drugs used to treat:

Parkinson's disease: Some medications can cause dysphagia as a side effect.
Epilepsy: Certain anticonvulsants may contribute to swallowing difficulties.

6. Calcium Channel Blockers:

While less frequently associated with dysphagia than other medications on this list, some calcium channel blockers have been linked to esophageal motility disorders that may manifest as dysphagia.

Recognizing Dysphagia: Symptoms and When to Seek Help

Dysphagia symptoms can vary but often include:

Difficulty initiating a swallow
Sensation of food sticking in the throat or chest
Coughing or choking while eating or drinking
Regurgitation of food
Increased drooling
Weight loss

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially in conjunction with starting or changing a medication, seek immediate medical attention. Your doctor can determine the underlying cause and recommend appropriate management strategies. They may adjust your medication, recommend supportive therapies, or refer you to a speech-language pathologist specializing in swallowing disorders.

Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before making any decisions related to your health or medication.