what is splitting bpd

House Authors

2 min read

·

16-10-2024

40

0

Share

Understanding Splitting in Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a complex mental health condition characterized by intense emotions, unstable relationships, and a fluctuating sense of self. One of the most well-known and challenging aspects of BPD is splitting, a defense mechanism that can significantly impact interpersonal relationships.

What is splitting?

Splitting, also known as dichotomous thinking, is a cognitive distortion where individuals with BPD perceive others, and themselves, in extreme, black-and-white terms. They see people as either all good or all bad, with no room for nuance or complexity.

This is often described as "idealization" and "devaluation" - a person may initially idealize someone, viewing them as perfect and amazing, only to later devalue them as terrible and worthless.

Why does splitting occur?

According to Dr. Bessel van der Kolk, a leading trauma expert, splitting is often a learned coping mechanism developed in response to childhood trauma. He suggests that individuals with BPD may have experienced inconsistent or unreliable caregiving, leaving them unable to form a stable sense of self. As a result, they rely on splitting to make sense of the world and their experiences.

Examples of splitting in relationships:

• A partner who is initially seen as "the one" may suddenly be perceived as abusive and manipulative.
• A friend who provides support one day may be seen as betraying the next.
• A therapist who is initially trusted may be accused of being incompetent or uncaring.

The impact of splitting:

Splitting can be deeply disruptive to relationships. It can lead to:

• Unpredictable mood swings and changes in behavior: A person with BPD may abruptly shift from loving to angry, often without clear explanation.
• Difficulty maintaining stable relationships: The constant switching between idealization and devaluation makes it difficult to build and maintain healthy bonds.
• Feelings of isolation and loneliness: The fear of rejection and abandonment can make it challenging for individuals with BPD to connect with others.

Can splitting be managed?

While splitting can be challenging to manage, therapy, particularly Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), can help individuals with BPD develop coping strategies and learn to see the world in a more nuanced way. This can include:

• Recognizing and challenging distorted thoughts: By understanding the root of splitting, individuals can begin to identify and challenge their black-and-white thinking.
• Developing emotional regulation skills: Learning to manage intense emotions can reduce the frequency and severity of splitting episodes.
• Improving communication skills: Developing assertive communication techniques can help build healthier relationships and minimize misunderstandings.

Important Note: This information is intended for educational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. If you are concerned about your own mental health or that of someone you know, please seek professional help.

Resources:

• National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI): https://www.nami.org/
• National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): https://www.nimh.nih.gov/

Keywords: BPD, borderline personality disorder, splitting, dichotomous thinking, idealization, devaluation, trauma, DBT, Dialectical Behavior Therapy, mental health, relationships, coping mechanisms, emotional regulation, communication skills.